目前磁盤10G，已用97％，隻有372M，需要擴容10G。
$ sudo df -h /dev/vdb1 9.8G 9.4G 372M 97% /mnt
1、擴容物理盤
先做磁盤快照，備份雲盤數據。進入阿里雲找到需要擴容的雲盤，點擊選擇在線擴容，點擊磁盤擴容按步驟完成付款。擴容過程中不要格式化硬盤。需要在 ECS 控制台重啟實例之後才可以生效。
$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/vda: 40 GiB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x6e808324 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/vda1 * 2048 83884031 83881984 40G 83 Linux Disk /dev/vdb: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x647d4204 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/vdb1 2048 20971519 20969472 10G 83 Linux
2、安裝growpart和resize2fs工具
$ sudo apt install cloud-guest-utils xfsprogs
3、使用growpart工具擴容分區
运行growpart 命令扩容分区。示例命令表示扩容系统盘的第一个分区（/dev/vdb1）
$ sudo growpart /dev/vdb 1 CHANGED: partition=1 start=2048 old: size=20969472 end=20971520 new: size=41940959,end=41943007
若運行命令後報錯，可運行LANG=en_US.UTF-8切換ECS實例的字符編碼類型。
取消挂載，修改/etc/fstab
$ sudo umount /dev/vdb1 $ sudo vim /etc/fstab
然后控制台重啟服務器
4、系統內查看磁盤，已經是升級後的
$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/vda: 40 GiB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x6e808324 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/vda1 * 2048 83884031 83881984 40G 83 Linux Disk /dev/vdb: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x647d4204 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/vdb1 2048 41943006 41940959 20G 83 Linux
5、使用resize2fs工具擴容文件系統
先強制檢查文件系統，再使用resize2fs工具擴容文件系統
$ sudo e2fsck -f /dev/vdb1 e2fsck 1.44.5 (15-Dec-2018) Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Pass 5: Checking group summary information /dev/vdb1: 70215/655360 files (5.2% non-contiguous), 2387938/2621184 blocks $ sudo resize2fs /dev/vdb1 resize2fs 1.44.5 (15-Dec-2018) Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vdb1 to 5242619 (4k) blocks. The filesystem on /dev/vdb1 is now 5242619 (4k) blocks long.
挂載，修改/etc/fstab
$ sudo mount /dev/vdb1 /mnt $ sudo vim /etc/fstab
然后控制台重啟服務器
6、檢查擴容結果
顯示為20G，成功擴容。
$ sudo df -h /dev/vdb1 20G 8.9G 9.8G 48% /mnt